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After the conquest of Mecca, Islam quickly spread across the Arabian Peninsula and became the unifying element of the various Arabian tribes. When Muhammad died in 632, he was succeeded by the caliphs, who became the spiritual and temporal rulers of all Muslims. The first Caliphs were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. They promoted the spread of Islam in Palestine, Syria, Armenia, Asian Mesopotamia, Persia, and North Africa. In 661, Muawiyah of the Umayyad family dethroned Ali and established a caliphate in Syria. Under his rule, Muslims spread to India, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula.
Buddhism Buddhism is based on the teachings preached by the Indian ascetic and preacher Siddhartha Gautama (better known as Buddha) after his spiritual awakening. Siddhartha was born in the 5th century BC. in the bosom of an aristocratic family in the ancient Republic of Sakia. Later, after reviewing the sufferings that people were going through, he gave up his social status and privileges to lead a life devoted to meditation and asceticism, until the day he finally found the path to spiritual awakening.
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جھلکیاں

From the Editor - Ruchika Rawan

From the Editor - Ruchika Rawan

The Origination

The Origination

INTERVIEW WITH AN ATHEIST - ‘CUTY MENDIRATTA’

INTERVIEW WITH AN ATHEIST - ‘CUTY MENDIRATTA’

Taj Mahal or Tejo Mahalaya?

Taj Mahal or Tejo Mahalaya?

Illuminati

Illuminati

Shia and Sunni
Buddhism and the family
Sallekhana in Jainism
The Khalistan

Shia and Sunni

Buddhism and the family

Sallekhana in Jainism

The Khalistan

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